Complete Guide to Becoming Self-Employed in Spain in 2025

Becoming self-employed (autónomo) in Spain is a great option for those who want to start their own business, work independently, or have more flexibility. However, the process involves meeting specific legal, tax, and administrative requirements. In this guide, I’ll walk you through the steps to becoming an autónomo in Spain.

1. What Is an Autónomo?

An autónomo is a self-employed person who provides services or sells products independently, without being under an employment contract with a company. In Spain, autónomos must register with both the Tax Agency (Hacienda) and the Social Security (Seguridad Social) to operate legally.

2. Steps to Register as an Autónomo

Step 1: Register with Hacienda (Tax Agency) – Modelo 036 or 037

The first step is registering with the Agencia Tributaria (Spanish Tax Agency) as a self-employed worker.

📌 How to do it:

• Submit Modelo 036 or 037 (online or in person at a tax office).

• Choose your economic activity category (IAE tax classification).

• Specify whether you will apply VAT (IVA) and Income Tax (IRPF).

Step 2: Register with Social Security (RETA)

Once registered with Hacienda, you have 60 days to enroll in the Special Regime for Self-Employed Workers (RETA) under the Social Security system.

📌 How to do it:

• Register through the Social Security’s online portal or in person.

• Pay the autónomo contribution (monthly fee).

💰 Autónomo fees in 2024:

• Flat rate (Tarifa Plana): €85/month for the first year for new autónomos.

• After that, fees depend on net income, ranging from €225 to €530/month.

Step 3: Licenses and Additional Requirements

Depending on your business activity, you may need:

• A business license (if opening a physical location).

• Data Protection Registration (if handling client data).

• Liability insurance (required for certain professions).

3. Tax and Accounting Obligations

As an autónomo, you must comply with several tax obligations:

📅 Quarterly taxes:
✅ VAT (Modelo 303): Filed every three months if your invoices include VAT.
✅ Income Tax (IRPF – Modelo 130 or 131): Paid on business profits.

📅 Annual taxes:
✅ Personal Income Tax Return (IRPF – Modelo 100).
✅ Annual VAT Summary (Modelo 390).

✍️ Keeping well-organized accounting records is crucial to avoid issues with Hacienda. Consider using accounting software like Holded, Quipu, or Contasimple.

Being self-employed in Spain offers professional freedom, but also comes with fiscal and administrative responsibility. The key is organization.”

4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Being Self-Employed

✅ Advantages:

• Freedom to set your own schedule and make decisions.

• Potential for higher earnings based on your efforts.

• Reduced autónomo fees for the first year.

❌ Disadvantages:

• You must pay the autónomo fee regardless of your income.

• More administrative and tax responsibilities.

• Less social protection compared to salaried employees.

5. Tips for New Autónomos

💡 1. Plan your finances: Set aside money for taxes and unexpected expenses.
💡 2. Use digital tools: Accounting and invoicing software will save you time.
💡 3. Consult a tax advisor: A professional can help you avoid legal issues and optimize your tax payments.
💡 4. Look for grants and subsidies: There are financial aids available for new autónomos in specific industries.

Conclusion

Becoming self-employed in Spain comes with challenges, but it also offers great opportunities. If you manage your taxes and business well, you can achieve success as an autónomo.

📌 Do you have any questions or need help with your registration?